From the OHS PC Database, derived from A Guide to North American Organbuilders, by David H. Fox (Richmond, Va.: Organ Historical Society, 1991).

Active in Cincinnati, Ohio, c. 1868-c.1879.
Patent #78,107; May 19, 1868; reed pipe.

Kenneth Hart notes that he was listed in the Cincinnati business directories of 1869, and 1871-1878 as an 'organ builder' but also notes "the term was used quite loosely in that era, they could have been builders of melodeons or cabinet organs, instead of pipe organs." Ed.

Sources:

• One or more local directories of the place and period.


• Orpha Ochse, The History of the Organ in the United States (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), 305.


• Elizabeth Towne Schmitt.


• Kenneth Wayne Hart, "Cincinnati Organ Builders of the Nineteenth Century", The Tracker 20:3 (Richmond, Va.: Organ Historical Society, 1976), 12.

Updated through online information from Nathan Bienz [December 2, 2025]: Active by 1865 at the latest.